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Research Articles

 
 

Numerous peer-reviewed articles based on studies examining the effectiveness of the Lindamood-Bell programs have been published in scholarly journals.

Below, you will find information on these research articles including references, abstracts, links to the articles in their entirety, and more.

Phonological Awareness Intervention: Comparison of Fast ForWord, Earobics, and LiPS

Pokorni, J. L., Worthington, C. K., & Jamison, P. J. (2004). Phonological awareness intervention: comp;arison of Fast ForWord, Earobics, and LiPS. The Journal of Educational Research, 93(3), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.97.3.147-158 Researchers have found that training in phonemic awareness (PA), a fundamental element for reading acquisition, is effective in varying degrees, depending on characteristics of the audience….

Genes, environment, and dyslexia: the 2005 Norman Geschwind Memorial Lecture.

Olson, R. K. (2006). Genes, environment, and dyslexia: the 2005 Norman Geschwind Memorial Lecture. Annals of Dyslexia, 56(2), 205-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-006-0010-6 This article presents an overview of some methods and results from our continuing  studies of genetic and environmental influences on dyslexia, and on individual differences across the normal range that have been conducted over the…

Exploring the potential of LiPS instruction for beginning readers

McIntyre, L., Protz, S., & McQuarrie, L. (2008). Exploring the potential of LiPS instruction for beginning readers. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 36:1&2, 18-48. https://dascentre.educ.ualberta.ca/ The purpose of this study was to determine if phonemic awareness skills improved for first grade students classified as at‐risk whose teachers used the Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing Program (LiPS; Lindamood & Lindamood,…

Development of Phonological and Orthographic Skill: A 2- Year Longitudinal Study of Dyslexic Children

Manis, F. R., Custodio, R., & Szeszulski, P. A. (1993). Development of phonological and orthographic skill: A 2-year longitudinal study of dyslexic children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 56(1), 64–86. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1993.1026 Twenty-one dyslexic children, ages 9-15, were administered a battery of tests on two occasions separated by 2 years to assess the development of word recognition and…

Development of an Innovative Dual-Coded Multimedia Application to Improve Reading Comprehension of Students With Imagery Deficit

Wang, L., & Li, J. (2019). Development of an Innovative Dual-Coded Multimedia Application to Improve Reading Comprehension of Students with Imagery Deficit. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(1), 170-200. Doi: 10.1177/0735633117746748 This study describes the development of an innovative multimedia application and examines teacher perceptions of its usefulness in assisting students with imagery deficit to…

Current Efficacy Research for the Visualizing and Verbalizing® Program (V/V)

The Visualizing and Verbalizing® (V/V®) program develops concept imagery – the ability to create mental representations from language – as a basis for comprehension and higher order thinking. V/V is based on the tenets of Dual Coding Theory, which states that cognition requires an interplay between two systems—a verbal system specialized for language, and a…

Toward a Unified Theory of Reading

Sadoski, M., & Paivio, A. (2007). Toward a unified theory of reading. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11(4), 337-356. doi: 10.1080/10888430701530714 Despite nearly 40 years of scientific theorizing about reading, the field remains fragmented with little progress toward unification. In this article, we (a) emphasize the privileged position of unified theories in all science, (b) compare…

Training Phonological Awareness with and without Explicit Attention to Articulation

Wise, B. W., Ring, J., & Olson, R. K. (1999). Training phonological awareness with and without explicit attention to articulation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 72, 271-304. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2490 One hundred twenty-two second- to fifth-grade (7- to 11-year-old) children with reading difficulties studied phonological awareness with or without explicit attention to articulation and with or without…

Socioeconomic dissociations in the neural and cognitive bases of reading disorders

Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) strongly predicts disparities in reading development, yet it is unknown  whether early environments also moderate the cognitive and neurobiological bases of reading disorders (RD)  such as dyslexia, the most prevalent learning disability. SES-diverse 6–9-year-old children (n = 155, half with  RD) completed behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks engaging…

Reading comprehension improvement in autism

Beckerson M, Paisley C, Murdaugh D, Holm H, Lemelman A, Spencer A, O’Kelley S and Kana R (2024) Reading comprehension improvement in autism. Front. Psychiatry 15:1292018. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1292018  A subset of autistic children excel at word decoding but have difficulty with reading comprehension (i.e., the discrepant poor comprehender reading profile). Prior research suggests the Visualizing and Verbalizing…

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Addressing the Literacy Crisis: Proven Solutions for Individuals, Schools, and Districts

If your child has dyslexia, accommodations may help them get through the school day. But what about building real reading skills?
Our latest blog explores common school accommodations and why developing sensory-cognitive skills is essential for independent reading.
🔗 Read the full article at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

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If your child has dyslexia, accommodations may help them get through the school day. But what about building real reading skills? Our latest blog explores common school accommodations and why developing sensory-cognitive skills is essential for independent reading. 🔗 Read the full article at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Start 2026 Strong with Workshop Savings ✨

Kick off the year with special pricing on Lindamood-Bell for Schools professional development, aligned with the Science of Reading.
✔ Save 25% when you bring a colleague or bundle workshops
✔ Group inservice training discounts up to 25% available

Use code HELLO26BOGO

⏰ Offers end January 31, 2026.
👉 View the workshop schedule and reserve your spot.
🔗 Link in bio @lindamoodbellofficial

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Start 2026 Strong with Workshop Savings ✨ Kick off the year with special pricing on Lindamood-Bell for Schools professional development, aligned with the Science of Reading. ✔ Save 25% when you bring a colleague or bundle workshops ✔ Group inservice training discounts up to 25% available Use code HELLO26BOGO ⏰ Offers end January 31, 2026. 👉 View the workshop schedule and reserve your spot. 🔗 Link in bio @lindamoodbellofficial

✨ Experience the Lindamood-Bell Academy Difference!

📅 Jan 12–16 | Academy Week
See firsthand how we help students build their learning ability while thriving in a full academic curriculum.

🎓 Special Enrollment Offer available!
Tap the link in our bio @lindamoodbellofficial to learn more.

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✨ Experience the Lindamood-Bell Academy Difference! 📅 Jan 12–16 | Academy Week See firsthand how we help students build their learning ability while thriving in a full academic curriculum. 🎓 Special Enrollment Offer available! Tap the link in our bio @lindamoodbellofficial to learn more.

📚 Teaching students to connect language with imagery strengthens reading skills and comprehension.

At Lindamood-Bell, our approach is grounded in Dual Coding Theory (DCT), a cognitive framework explaining how the brain processes information. Our founders’ programs, including Seeing Stars for reading and spelling and Visualizing and Verbalizing for comprehension and critical thinking, apply these principles through sensory-cognitive instruction.

✨ See how our approach translates into classroom practice and the real results it produces for students.
Read the full article - tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

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📚 Teaching students to connect language with imagery strengthens reading skills and comprehension. At Lindamood-Bell, our approach is grounded in Dual Coding Theory (DCT), a cognitive framework explaining how the brain processes information. Our founders’ programs, including Seeing Stars for reading and spelling and Visualizing and Verbalizing for comprehension and critical thinking, apply these principles through sensory-cognitive instruction. ✨ See how our approach translates into classroom practice and the real results it produces for students. Read the full article - tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

📖 Want to help your child build strong reading skills from the very start?
Our latest blog, Developing Early Literacy Skills: A Parent’s Guide to Supporting Young Readers, shares practical tips for nurturing language, decoding, and comprehension at home. Discover how everyday reading and playful activities can spark curiosity and confidence.
✨ Learn how personalized support at Lindamood-Bell can strengthen the foundational skills your child needs to succeed in school and beyond.
Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17989845278864175
📖 Want to help your child build strong reading skills from the very start? Our latest blog, Developing Early Literacy Skills: A Parent’s Guide to Supporting Young Readers, shares practical tips for nurturing language, decoding, and comprehension at home. Discover how everyday reading and playful activities can spark curiosity and confidence. ✨ Learn how personalized support at Lindamood-Bell can strengthen the foundational skills your child needs to succeed in school and beyond. Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

As we close out the year, we’re grateful for the trust you place in Lindamood-Bell and for our shared commitment to helping individuals learn to their full potential.
Wishing you a holiday season filled with rest, joy, and connection, and a 2026 full of inspiration and possibility.

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As we close out the year, we’re grateful for the trust you place in Lindamood-Bell and for our shared commitment to helping individuals learn to their full potential. Wishing you a holiday season filled with rest, joy, and connection, and a 2026 full of inspiration and possibility.

See the difference the right instruction can make. 💙
Miss Georgia’s Teen, Carrington Manous, shares how dyslexia once left her feeling discouraged about school and learning, and how Lindamood-Bell helped her build the skills and confidence to succeed. Today, she uses her voice to advocate for students with learning differences and to expand access to effective instruction.
🎥 Watch Carrington’s full, inspiring story. Link in bio at @lindamoodbellofficial.
Parents, ❄️ Winter Break ❄️ is a great time to give your child a boost. For a limited time, enjoy 10% off instruction. Contact your Learning Center to get started!

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18099846667835317
See the difference the right instruction can make. 💙 Miss Georgia’s Teen, Carrington Manous, shares how dyslexia once left her feeling discouraged about school and learning, and how Lindamood-Bell helped her build the skills and confidence to succeed. Today, she uses her voice to advocate for students with learning differences and to expand access to effective instruction. 🎥 Watch Carrington’s full, inspiring story. Link in bio at @lindamoodbellofficial. Parents, ❄️ Winter Break ❄️ is a great time to give your child a boost. For a limited time, enjoy 10% off instruction. Contact your Learning Center to get started!

❄️ Don’t miss our Winter Wonderland Learning Savings!❄️
📚 10% OFF instruction during Winter Break!
Help your child catch up, conquer learning loss, or get ahead. Our individualized instruction will set them up for success and confidence in the New Year.
👉 Visit our website for details and to get started today! Follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17865905916519455
❄️ Don’t miss our Winter Wonderland Learning Savings!❄️ 📚 10% OFF instruction during Winter Break! Help your child catch up, conquer learning loss, or get ahead. Our individualized instruction will set them up for success and confidence in the New Year. 👉 Visit our website for details and to get started today! Follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

See the impact our Lindamood-Bell instruction can have! This family shares how our evidence-based approach helped their child thrive. 🎥 Watch their full story and get inspired. Follow the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

❄️ Parents, winter break is the perfect time to give your child a boost! For a limited time, enjoy 10% off instruction. Contact your Learning Center to get started!

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17869423200495197
See the impact our Lindamood-Bell instruction can have! This family shares how our evidence-based approach helped their child thrive. 🎥 Watch their full story and get inspired. Follow the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial. ❄️ Parents, winter break is the perfect time to give your child a boost! For a limited time, enjoy 10% off instruction. Contact your Learning Center to get started!

Our free webinar featuring Paul Worthington, Director of Research and Development, is now available to watch.
Learn how evidence-based instruction, the Cognitive Science of Learning, and effective leadership strategies can help drive meaningful, sustainable improvements in student learning.
▶️ Watch now at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17962936295862061
Our free webinar featuring Paul Worthington, Director of Research and Development, is now available to watch. Learn how evidence-based instruction, the Cognitive Science of Learning, and effective leadership strategies can help drive meaningful, sustainable improvements in student learning. ▶️ Watch now at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Reading fluency isn’t about extra drills or repetition.

It grows when students strengthen the sensory-cognitive foundation behind accurate, automatic reading.

Symbol imagery is key. Visualizing sounds and letters in words helps students:
• Decode accurately
• Recognize words automatically
• Enjoy reading

Discover why symbol imagery matters and how educators can build fluency. Read the full article at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17926360626171029
Reading fluency isn’t about extra drills or repetition. It grows when students strengthen the sensory-cognitive foundation behind accurate, automatic reading. Symbol imagery is key. Visualizing sounds and letters in words helps students: • Decode accurately • Recognize words automatically • Enjoy reading Discover why symbol imagery matters and how educators can build fluency. Read the full article at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

📣 Attending the SENIA International 2025 Virtual Conference?

🎓 Don’t miss our session:
Join Melissa Garner, Director of Lindamood-Bell for Schools, for “Closing the Comprehension Gaps in the Science of Reading” on November 21, 1:30–2:45 PM. Melissa will explore how developing concept imagery builds comprehension, vocabulary, critical thinking, and writing.

💻 Visit Our Virtual Booth:
Stop by the Lindamood-Bell booth to learn more about our sensory-cognitive approach and how it supports educators in helping all students reach their learning potential.

Get more info at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17928042381140572
📣 Attending the SENIA International 2025 Virtual Conference? 🎓 Don’t miss our session: Join Melissa Garner, Director of Lindamood-Bell for Schools, for “Closing the Comprehension Gaps in the Science of Reading” on November 21, 1:30–2:45 PM. Melissa will explore how developing concept imagery builds comprehension, vocabulary, critical thinking, and writing. 💻 Visit Our Virtual Booth: Stop by the Lindamood-Bell booth to learn more about our sensory-cognitive approach and how it supports educators in helping all students reach their learning potential. Get more info at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Educators, join us for a free Lindamood-Bell webinar with Paul Worthington, Director of Research and Development.
Discover how evidence-based instruction, the Cognitive Science of Learning, and effective leadership strategies can drive meaningful, sustainable improvements in student learning.

🗓 Wednesday, December 3rd | 11 am PST | 2 pm EST | 7 pm GMT

Can’t join live? Register anyway, and we’ll send you the recording!
Link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17855343039557254
Educators, join us for a free Lindamood-Bell webinar with Paul Worthington, Director of Research and Development. Discover how evidence-based instruction, the Cognitive Science of Learning, and effective leadership strategies can drive meaningful, sustainable improvements in student learning. 🗓 Wednesday, December 3rd | 11 am PST | 2 pm EST | 7 pm GMT Can’t join live? Register anyway, and we’ll send you the recording! Link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
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