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Research Articles

 
 

Numerous peer-reviewed articles based on studies examining the effectiveness of the Lindamood-Bell programs have been published in scholarly journals.

Below, you will find information on these research articles including references, abstracts, links to the articles in their entirety, and more.

Applying microstructural models to understand the role of white matter in cognitive development

Huber, E., Henriques, R. N., Owen, J. P., Rokem, A., & Yeatman, J. D. (2019). Applying microstructural models to understand the role of white matter in cognitive development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 36, 100624. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100624 Abstract Diffusion MRI (dMRI) holds great promise for illuminating the biological changes that underpin cognitive development. The diffusion of…

Remediation-induced changes in the white matter of poor readers

Keller, T. A. & Just, M. A. (2010). Altering cortical connectivity: Remediation-induced changes in the white matter of poor readers. Neuron, 64(5), 624-631. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.018. Summary Neuroimaging studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have revealed regions of cerebral white matter with decreased microstructural organization (lowerfractional anisotropy or FA) among poor readers. We examined whether 100 hr…

Modifying the brain activation of poor readers during sentence comprehension with extended remedial instruction: A longitudinal study of neuroplasticity.

Meyler, A., Keller, T. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Gabrieli, J. D.E., & Just, M. A. (2008). Modifying the brain activation of poor readers during sentence comprehension with extended remedial instruction: A longitudinal study of neuroplasticity. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2580-2592. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.012 Abstract This study used fMRI to longitudinally assess the impact of intensive remedial instruction on cortical…

A dual coding theoretical model of decoding in reading: Subsuming the Laberge and Samuels model

Sadoski, M., McTigue, E., & Paivio, A. (2012). A dual coding theoretical model of decoding in reading: Subsuming the Laberge and Samuels model. Reading Psychology, 33(5), 465–496. doi:10.1080/02702711.2011.557330 Summary In this article, we present a detailed Dual Coding Theory (DCT) model of decoding. The DCT model reinterprets and subsumes The LaBerge and Samuels (1974) model…

Learning to see words

Wandell, B. A., Rauschecker, A. M., & Yeatman, J. D. (2012). Learning to see words. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 31-53. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100434 Abstract Skilled reading requires recognizing written words rapidly; functional neuroimaging research has clarified how the written word initiates a series of responses in visual cortex. These responses are communicated to circuits in ventral…

The Causal Relationship between Dyslexia and Motion Processing

Joo, S., Donnelly, P. M., & Yeatman, J. D. (2017). The causal relationship between dyslexia and motion perception reconsidered. Scientific Reports, 7, 4185. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04471-5 Background: As one part of on-going Lindamood-Bell Learning Process (LBLP) intervention studies with dyslexics, the University of Washington’s Institute for Learning and Brain Science (I-LAB) examined anew the causal relationship between…

Preventing reading failure in young children with phonological processing disabilities: Group and individual responses to instruction

Torgesen, J. K., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Rose, E., Lindamood, P., Conway, T., Garvan, C. (1999) Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 579-593. doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.579 Abstract The relative effectiveness of three instructional approaches for the prevention of reading disabilities in young children with weak phonological skills was examined. Two programs varying in the intensity of instruction…

The role of brain activity in characterizing successful reading intervention in children with dyslexia

The role of brain activity in characterizing successful reading intervention in children with dyslexia Krafnick, A. J., Napoliello, E. M., Flowers, D. L., & Eden, G. F. (2022) Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16. doi=10.3389/fnins.2022.898661 Studies of reading intervention in dyslexia have shown changes in reading performance and in brain function. However, there is little consistency in…

Issues in Phonological Awareness Assessment

Lindamood, P. C., Bell, N., & Lindamood, P. (1992). Issues in phonological awareness assessment. Annals of Dyslexia 42, 242-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654948 Awareness of the internal phonological structure of words is a causal factor in success with the alphabetic principle in word recognition. However, findings with the Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization (LAC) Test reveal 25-30% of the population…

Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: Immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches

Torgesen, J. K., Alexander, A. W., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Voeller, K. K. S., & Conway, T. (2001). Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: Immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(1), 33-58.  Sixty children with severe reading disabilities were randomly assigned to two instructional…

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25
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New Stanford-Led Study Highlights Impact of Reading Intervention on Brain Development in Children with Dyslexia

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Apply today through our Career Site. Follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

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📣 We’re Hiring: Seasonal Educational Clinicians/Tutors (In-Person) Our Learning Centers are hiring. We’re looking for individuals interested in education, teaching, literacy, child development, tutoring, or academic support who are passionate about creating an engaging and supportive learning environment. Join us as we help students of all ages read and comprehend to their potential. ✨ Paid training provided! Apply today through our Career Site. Follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

🎧 New Podcast Episode: A Mother’s Perspective: Autism, Comprehension, and Real Progress 🌟
Hear April share her son’s journey at Lindamood-Bell. Although he was a strong decoder, reading comprehension remained a challenge. Through Visualizing and Verbalizing® instruction, his comprehension scores soared—and he’s now making substantial progress in math.

Discover how personalized, sensory-cognitive instruction helped him gain the skills and confidence to thrive academically.
👉 Listen now at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17878384641481014
🎧 New Podcast Episode: A Mother’s Perspective: Autism, Comprehension, and Real Progress 🌟 Hear April share her son’s journey at Lindamood-Bell. Although he was a strong decoder, reading comprehension remained a challenge. Through Visualizing and Verbalizing® instruction, his comprehension scores soared—and he’s now making substantial progress in math. Discover how personalized, sensory-cognitive instruction helped him gain the skills and confidence to thrive academically. 👉 Listen now at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

At Lindamood-Bell, our support doesn’t end on the last day of instruction.

Families who have previously attended are invited to schedule a School Year Checkup, a dedicated time to reflect on progress and realign as academic demands change.

Each Checkup includes:
• A conversation about school progress
• A complimentary Learning Ability Evaluation
• Clear insights and next steps, if needed

The School Year Checkup is an exclusive benefit for past Learning Center families.
New to Lindamood-Bell? Explore how our personalized instruction can support your child’s learning.
Follow the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18329975749171609
At Lindamood-Bell, our support doesn’t end on the last day of instruction. Families who have previously attended are invited to schedule a School Year Checkup, a dedicated time to reflect on progress and realign as academic demands change. Each Checkup includes: • A conversation about school progress • A complimentary Learning Ability Evaluation • Clear insights and next steps, if needed The School Year Checkup is an exclusive benefit for past Learning Center families. New to Lindamood-Bell? Explore how our personalized instruction can support your child’s learning. Follow the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Is your child having a hard time with math?
Math remediation is not about more worksheets or memorizing steps. It is a targeted, structured approach that identifies why a child is struggling and rebuilds the foundational skills needed for lasting understanding.
At Lindamood-Bell, our On Cloud Nine® program integrates imagery with language to help students connect math concepts to verbal reasoning. Students learn to understand the process behind the problem, strengthening both reasoning and computation.
Learn more through the link in bio at @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17936381847171996
Is your child having a hard time with math? Math remediation is not about more worksheets or memorizing steps. It is a targeted, structured approach that identifies why a child is struggling and rebuilds the foundational skills needed for lasting understanding. At Lindamood-Bell, our On Cloud Nine® program integrates imagery with language to help students connect math concepts to verbal reasoning. Students learn to understand the process behind the problem, strengthening both reasoning and computation. Learn more through the link in bio at @lindamoodbellofficial.

It’s a great time to plan professional development for your school district.

Book a Lindamood-Bell inservice workshop by March 15 and save 20% per attendee (minimum 10 participants). Workshops can be scheduled through December 18, 2026.

Practical, classroom-ready training for:
• Early literacy and math
• Students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities
• Struggling readers

Give your team research-based tools they can use right away.
Learn more at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18120498877581883
It’s a great time to plan professional development for your school district. Book a Lindamood-Bell inservice workshop by March 15 and save 20% per attendee (minimum 10 participants). Workshops can be scheduled through December 18, 2026. Practical, classroom-ready training for: • Early literacy and math • Students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities • Struggling readers Give your team research-based tools they can use right away. Learn more at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

What does a reading specialist actually do, and how do you know if your child needs one? 📘
Our latest blog article breaks down the role of a reading specialist, what expert instruction looks like, and how individualized support can make a lasting difference in reading and comprehension.
👉Read more at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18083105644973052
What does a reading specialist actually do, and how do you know if your child needs one? 📘 Our latest blog article breaks down the role of a reading specialist, what expert instruction looks like, and how individualized support can make a lasting difference in reading and comprehension. 👉Read more at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Young students need strong listening comprehension to learn, communicate, and succeed in school, but these skills are often expected to develop on their own instead of being taught intentionally.

Join us at the Head Start California Annual Conference in Ontario, California for Closing the Comprehension Gap: Develop Language Comprehension, Expression, and Critical Thinking for Early Learners, presented by Melissa Garner, Director of Lindamood-Bell For Schools, and Zuzy Chaves, Director of Jardin de la Infancia.

Learn how developing Concept Imagery can strengthen listening comprehension, vocabulary, language expression, and early critical thinking for young learners.

Get session details and conference information at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18110362675592016
Young students need strong listening comprehension to learn, communicate, and succeed in school, but these skills are often expected to develop on their own instead of being taught intentionally. Join us at the Head Start California Annual Conference in Ontario, California for Closing the Comprehension Gap: Develop Language Comprehension, Expression, and Critical Thinking for Early Learners, presented by Melissa Garner, Director of Lindamood-Bell For Schools, and Zuzy Chaves, Director of Jardin de la Infancia. Learn how developing Concept Imagery can strengthen listening comprehension, vocabulary, language expression, and early critical thinking for young learners. Get session details and conference information at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

As we begin Black History Month, we honor and celebrate the achievements, leadership, creativity, and resilience of African American leaders, educators, scholars, and artists—past and present.

“Every great dream begins with a dreamer.” —Harriet Tubman

Explore resources and learn more with the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture. Link in Bio.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18555251245026952
As we begin Black History Month, we honor and celebrate the achievements, leadership, creativity, and resilience of African American leaders, educators, scholars, and artists—past and present. “Every great dream begins with a dreamer.” —Harriet Tubman Explore resources and learn more with the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture. Link in Bio.

If your child has dyslexia, accommodations may help them get through the school day. But what about building real reading skills?
Our latest blog explores common school accommodations and why developing sensory-cognitive skills is essential for independent reading.
🔗 Read the full article at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18053824958427879
If your child has dyslexia, accommodations may help them get through the school day. But what about building real reading skills? Our latest blog explores common school accommodations and why developing sensory-cognitive skills is essential for independent reading. 🔗 Read the full article at the link in bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Start 2026 Strong with Workshop Savings ✨

Kick off the year with special pricing on Lindamood-Bell for Schools professional development, aligned with the Science of Reading.
✔ Save 25% when you bring a colleague or bundle workshops
✔ Group inservice training discounts up to 25% available

Use code HELLO26BOGO

⏰ Offers end January 31, 2026.
👉 View the workshop schedule and reserve your spot.
🔗 Link in bio @lindamoodbellofficial

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18086883037877834
Start 2026 Strong with Workshop Savings ✨ Kick off the year with special pricing on Lindamood-Bell for Schools professional development, aligned with the Science of Reading. ✔ Save 25% when you bring a colleague or bundle workshops ✔ Group inservice training discounts up to 25% available Use code HELLO26BOGO ⏰ Offers end January 31, 2026. 👉 View the workshop schedule and reserve your spot. 🔗 Link in bio @lindamoodbellofficial

✨ Experience the Lindamood-Bell Academy Difference!

📅 Jan 12–16 | Academy Week
See firsthand how we help students build their learning ability while thriving in a full academic curriculum.

🎓 Special Enrollment Offer available!
Tap the link in our bio @lindamoodbellofficial to learn more.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 18056581472658286
✨ Experience the Lindamood-Bell Academy Difference! 📅 Jan 12–16 | Academy Week See firsthand how we help students build their learning ability while thriving in a full academic curriculum. 🎓 Special Enrollment Offer available! Tap the link in our bio @lindamoodbellofficial to learn more.

📚 Teaching students to connect language with imagery strengthens reading skills and comprehension.

At Lindamood-Bell, our approach is grounded in Dual Coding Theory (DCT), a cognitive framework explaining how the brain processes information. Our founders’ programs, including Seeing Stars for reading and spelling and Visualizing and Verbalizing for comprehension and critical thinking, apply these principles through sensory-cognitive instruction.

✨ See how our approach translates into classroom practice and the real results it produces for students.
Read the full article - tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17978616548975601
📚 Teaching students to connect language with imagery strengthens reading skills and comprehension. At Lindamood-Bell, our approach is grounded in Dual Coding Theory (DCT), a cognitive framework explaining how the brain processes information. Our founders’ programs, including Seeing Stars for reading and spelling and Visualizing and Verbalizing for comprehension and critical thinking, apply these principles through sensory-cognitive instruction. ✨ See how our approach translates into classroom practice and the real results it produces for students. Read the full article - tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

📖 Want to help your child build strong reading skills from the very start?
Our latest blog, Developing Early Literacy Skills: A Parent’s Guide to Supporting Young Readers, shares practical tips for nurturing language, decoding, and comprehension at home. Discover how everyday reading and playful activities can spark curiosity and confidence.
✨ Learn how personalized support at Lindamood-Bell can strengthen the foundational skills your child needs to succeed in school and beyond.
Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Open post by lindamoodbellofficial with ID 17989845278864175
📖 Want to help your child build strong reading skills from the very start? Our latest blog, Developing Early Literacy Skills: A Parent’s Guide to Supporting Young Readers, shares practical tips for nurturing language, decoding, and comprehension at home. Discover how everyday reading and playful activities can spark curiosity and confidence. ✨ Learn how personalized support at Lindamood-Bell can strengthen the foundational skills your child needs to succeed in school and beyond. Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
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