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What is Dyscalculia?

Oct 24, 2025
 
 

What is Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia, often termed ‘mathematical dyslexia,’ is a specific learning disability that impacts an individual’s ability to comprehend and work with numbers. Just as dyslexia affects reading, dyscalculia affects math skills. Those with this math learning disability may struggle with basic number concepts, face challenges recalling math facts, and have difficulty performing calculations or solving mathematical problems.

At Lindamood-Bell, we understand the unique challenges posed by dyscalculia. We offer comprehensive support through personalized intervention programs designed to enhance numeracy skills. We aim to help individuals with dyscalculia excel academically and gain confidence in their mathematical abilities.

 

Understanding Dyscalculia 

dyscalculia math struggles

Understanding the meaning of dyscalculia is crucial for providing effective support. Dyscalculia, sometimes called ‘mathematical dyslexia’ or ‘number dyslexia,’ hinders an individual’s ability to understand and work with numbers. This math learning disability affects basic arithmetic, number sense, and mathematical reasoning.

Research indicates that dyscalculia affects approximately 5-7% of the population, making it as prevalent as dyslexia. Despite its prevalence, it often goes undiagnosed and misunderstood, impacting millions of children and adults worldwide.

Lindamood-Bell is dedicated to providing effective interventions and support for individuals with dyscalculia. Our evidence-based programs, such as On Cloud Nine® Math, are designed to improve math skills and overcome the barriers associated with this learning disability.

 

Signs and Symptoms of Dyscalculia 

signs of dyscalculia

Many students feel frustrated with math and may avoid it, but if you suspect a student has dyscalculia, there are specific signs and symptoms to watch for:

1. Difficulty remembering math facts

Individuals with dyscalculia may struggle to recall basic math facts, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division tables, even after repeated practice. This can slow down problem-solving and lead to frustration during more complex math tasks.

2. Struggling with computation

Individuals with dyscalculia may find it hard to perform simple calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, which can hinder their ability to solve math problems and complete mathematical tasks.

3. Becoming overwhelmed by word problems

Word problems can cause confusion, as individuals with dyscalculia may struggle to extract relevant information and apply the correct operations. The combination of reading comprehension and math processing can feel overwhelming, leading to anxiety and avoidance.

4. Difficulty understanding new math concepts

Individuals with dyscalculia may find abstract concepts such as fractions, decimals, and percentages difficult to grasp, impacting their comprehension of complex mathematical ideas and practical applications.

If you recognize these signs and symptoms in someone, seeking support and intervention is crucial. Lindamood-Bell offers specialized programs to help individuals with dyscalculia develop essential math skills and overcome challenges. Our evidence-based instruction focuses on building foundational skills and improving comprehension, enabling success in mathematics and other academic areas for all students, including those with dyscalculia.

 

 

The Cause of Dyscalculia 

dyscalculia math tutoring

A primary cause of math difficulties and dyscalculia is an inability to create a gestalt image for the concepts underlying math processes. Individuals often attempt to memorize facts instead of being able to think, reason, and problem-solve with numbers. 

Individuals of all ages may experience an inability to image the concepts underlying math processes. This may cause weakness in

  • Learning math fact families
  • Grasping mathematical relationships
  • Following proper mathematical operations
  • Solving word problems
  • Estimating numerical values
  • Understanding higher-level math

Lindamood-Bell math instruction features On Cloud Nine® Math Program Visualizing and Verbalizing® for Math. The On Cloud Nine Math Program stimulates the ability to image and verbalize the concepts underlying math processes. Concept and numerical imagery are integrated with language and applied to math computation and problem-solving. There is an emphasis on both mathematical reasoning and mathematical computation. Program authors, Nanci Bell and Kimberly Tuley describe, “Mathematics is cognitive processing, thinking, that requires the dual coding of imagery and language. Imagery is fundamental to the process of thinking with numbers.” We believe that individuals of all ages can learn to do and enjoy math. 

 

 

Hope for Students with Dyscalculia

At Lindamood-Bell, students receive individualized instruction using one or more of our evidence-based programs. The On Cloud Nine (OCN) Math Program develops the ability to image and verbalize math concepts and processes. Concept imagery and numeral imagery are integrated with language to improve mathematical reasoning and computation. On Cloud Nine math instruction can address the needs of students previously diagnosed with dyscalculia. 

The following shows the math performance, pre- and post-instruction, of all students who received On Cloud Nine math instruction at Lindamood-Bell between 2008 and 2023. These students experienced large (statistically significant) improvements in all math subtests after receiving On Cloud Nine math instruction.

Results of Students Who Received Primary Instruction in Mathematics

Years: Jan. 2008 – Dec. 2023

Number of Students: 267

Average Age: 10.7

Average Hours of Instruction: 78.3

Lindamood-Bell Instruction Implemented: On Cloud Nine Math

 

On average, students who received all or most of their instruction in On Cloud Nine Math achieved significant improvements in math. They made large (statistically significant) standard score changes on all mathematics subtests. The 28-point percentile increase in the Test of Mathematical Abilities (TOMA) Computation subtest puts these students within the normal range (25th–75th percentile). (Of the 267 students, the TOMA Computation subtest was computed out of 188 students and the TOMA Story Problems subtest was computed out of 194 students as a result of missing pre- or retest data.)

 

 

Help for Dyscalculia at Lindamood-Bell

help for dyscalculia

Lindamood-Bell provides individualized, evidence-based instruction to assist students facing challenges in reading, comprehension, and math, including those diagnosed with dyscalculia. Whether your student is newly diagnosed with dyscalculia or has struggled for years, we believe that dyscalculia doesn’t have to be a lifelong obstacle.

Our instruction begins with a comprehensive Learning Ability Evaluation. This assessment identifies underlying learning challenges and helps us understand your student’s unique needs. Based on the evaluation results, we develop a personalized instruction plan tailored to address the root causes of their math difficulties. Take the first step toward transforming your student’s future by scheduling a Learning Ability Evaluation today.

Student Story: Improving Mathematics with On Cloud Nine

For one nine-year-old, believing he was “bad at math” led to a significant drop in self-esteem. A Learning Ability Evaluation revealed that an underlying comprehension weakness was contributing to his struggles with math. After completing our instruction, his confidence soared. His mother noted, “The stark contrast between what he’s doing now and before is remarkable. He actually goes in feeling good about it and is truly succeeding.” 

Watch this family’s inspiring story:

 

For over 35 years, Lindamood-Bell’s sensory-cognitive approach has provided hope and achieved lasting results, helping students overcome their learning challenges. We have developed proven methods that support individuals with dyscalculia, focusing on the sensory-cognitive foundation of math skills. Our evidence-based instruction delivers personalized learning experiences tailored to each student’s needs. 

Through our programs, significant progress in math is attainable for all students, including those diagnosed with dyscalculia. Our goal is to empower individuals to become independent learners who can confidently navigate the world of numbers and math. We can help your child reach their full potential—discover more about our programs today. Get in touch or call 800-233-1819.

Connect with us
We're proud to sponsor Everyone Reading Illinois' “Dynamics of Dyslexia” 2026 Fall Conference, November 4–5 in Naperville, IL!

Lindamood-Bell Learning Center Directors Stephanie Grady (Deerfield) and Taylor-Marie Funchion (Elmhurst) will present “The Missing Link in Literacy: Understanding the Imagery-Language Foundation” on Wednesday, November 4, from 3:10–4:30 PM.

Their session will explore the important role of imagery in reading, spelling, and comprehension, drawing on decades of instructional experience and scientific research. Attendees will learn about the sensory-cognitive processes underlying literacy and practical strategies to support students with dyslexia and persistent reading challenges.

We look forward to connecting with educators and professionals dedicated to helping students succeed!

Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial, for more info!
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

🧠 2011: Georgetown University researchers publish a study showing changes in the brains of children with dyslexia following reading intervention.

Our next milestone highlights research conducted by Georgetown University's Center for the Study of Learning in collaboration with Lindamood-Bell.

Published in the scientific journal NeuroImage, the study followed children with dyslexia who received eight weeks of instruction using the Seeing Stars® program.

Researchers found significant improvements in reading skills, along with measurable increases in gray matter volume in the brain. Follow-up testing eight weeks later showed that these gains were maintained.

These findings offered encouraging evidence that effective reading instruction can help children with dyslexia improve their reading skills while also supporting changes in the brain.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning!
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

📖 Our next milestone takes us to 2010, when Nanci Bell published the Symbol Imagery (SI) Test.

This standardized assessment measures a student's ability to visualize the sounds and letters within words, an important skill for reading and spelling.

The SI Test helps educators identify and monitor skills that underlie word recognition, spelling, and reading fluency.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning!
🐱 Calling all cat lovers! Celebrate National Cat Day with a FREE reading resource for parents and teachers, courtesy of Gander Publishing!

This Imagine That! lesson packet features five cat-themed stories for grades 2–6, vocabulary practice, puzzles, and a coloring page!

Perfect for use with Visualizing and Verbalizing® or with any student who could benefit from extra comprehension practice.

Download your free packet - follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial!
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

Our next milestone takes us to 2008, when Lindamood-Bell co-founder Nanci Bell was recognized by the California State Assembly as one of the state's Top 50 Women Business Leaders!

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning.
#LindamoodBell40 #LindamoodBell
🎧 New Podcast Episode!

How can art help students share their stories and make a difference in their communities?

Muralist Kyle Holbrook joins Lindamood-Bell for Schools Director of Development Dave Kiyvyra to discuss the Moving Lives of Kids Community Mural Project and the power of art to bring people together.

Hear how students are using creativity to express themselves and contribute to their communities.

Listen and subscribe at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

📚 2006: What happens when an entire school district works to improve reading?

In 2006, researchers from Texas A&M University published a study in the American Educational Research Journal examining reading achievement in Colorado’s Pueblo School District 60, where Lindamood-Bell had been working with schools since 1997 to support students at risk of reading difficulties.

They examined reading scores for students in grades 3–5 over several years and found that schools using Lindamood-Bell instruction made significantly greater gains than schools across Colorado. Those gains increased over time, including in Title I schools.

It was encouraging to see these results, especially in a district where so many students needed additional reading support.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning.

Tap the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial,  to learn more about our work and research.
📣 FREE Halloween Download for Parents and Teachers, courtesy of Gander Publishing! 🎃
The Imagine That! Halloween lesson packet features four high-imagery stories written at a 2nd–5th-grade reading level.

👻 Enjoy stories about a giant pumpkin, a ghost, and even a rooster accused of being a witch!
🎃 Build reading comprehension with higher-order thinking questions.
🍬 Strengthen vocabulary skills with engaging activities.

Perfect for use with Visualizing and Verbalizing® or any student who could benefit from extra comprehension practice.
Download your free packet and bring some Halloween fun to reading! Follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

🧠 2004: Georgetown University researchers publish an important study on adult dyslexia and Lindamood-Bell instruction.

Led by Dr. Guinevere Eden and published in the scientific journal Neuron, the study used brain imaging to examine changes in adults with dyslexia following eight weeks of intensive Lindamood-Bell instruction.

Researchers found improvements in reading skills along with changes in brain activity, showing that the adult brain can continue to change and develop with reading instruction.

More than 20 years later, these findings continue to offer hope for adults who struggle with reading.

For more about our evidence-based reading instruction, follow the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning!
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

Our next milestone takes us to 2002, when Lindamood-Bell reached another exciting first!

🇬🇧 2002: Our first international Learning Center opens in London, England.
The opening of our London Learning Center meant more children could benefit from individualized instruction to strengthen their reading and comprehension skills. It was another meaningful step in helping more students learn to their potential.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning.

Explore Lindamood-Bell at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
🎙️ New Podcast Episode: Supporting At-Promise Students

In this episode, we’re joined by Khieem Jackson, Managing Director of Reaching At-Promise Students Association (RAPSA), for a thoughtful conversation about helping at-promise and opportunity youth thrive.
Together, we explore how the words we use to describe students can shape their experiences, and how literacy and learning can open doors to new opportunities beyond the classroom.

🎧 Listen and subscribe at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
Lindamood-Bell will be at the International Dyslexia Association 2026 Annual Reading, Literacy & Learning Conference, November 12–14 in Las Vegas.

Join Paul Worthington, Director of Research and Development, for “ADHD and Dyslexia: Untangling the Comorbidity Conundrum,” which examines research on co-occurring ADHD, dyslexia, and language-processing difficulties, as well as implications for intervention.

📅 November 12–14
📍 Las Vegas + virtual attendance available

Learn more about our presentation and where to find us at the conference at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial.
🎉 40 Years of Changing Lives Through Learning

📚 2000: Lindamood-Bell partners with juvenile justice schools in San Diego, California, for Project of Hope.

Through this partnership, Lindamood-Bell provided intensive reading and comprehension instruction to young people in the juvenile justice system.
Using the Seeing Stars® and Visualizing and Verbalizing® programs, Project of Hope helped students strengthen their reading and comprehension skills. An independent evaluation found significant gains, offering new hope and opportunities for their futures.

Follow along as we celebrate 40 years of changing lives through learning. 

Explore Lindamood-Bell at the link in our bio, @lindamoodbellofficial
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