Pre-Kindergarten Students
Comprehension Difficulties, Reading Difficulties
On average, Pre-Kindergarten students who received developmental instruction achieved significant improvements. They made large (statistically significant) standard score changes on two of three measures. Additionally, the 23-point percentile increase in Word Recognition put these students within the normal range (25th–75th percentile). (Please note that, as a result of their young age, the number of test batteries normed to these students’ ages is limited. Word Recognition is out of 137 students, Spelling is out of 147 students, and Vocabulary is out of 204 students.)
Results of Pre-K Students Who Received Any Program of Instruction

Lindamood-Bell Instruction Implemented: Seeing Stars and Visualizing & Verbalizing
Years: Jan. 2008 – Dec. 2024
Number of Students: 207
Average Age: 5.4
Average Instruction Hours: 102.3
